Can user accounts be given view‑only access to the Residence Address Status without being allowed to change the address?

No. User accounts cannot have view‑only access to the Residence Address Status. The STU Update permission is what enables the Residence Address Status field on the Demographics page, and that same permission also controls the visibility of the Change Address action button. Because both elements are tied to STU Update access, they only appear when the user has update rights—view‑only access is not supported.